La importancia que ha adquirido el ChatGPT en el mundo académico universitario en la actualidad es muy trascendente. El estudio propone validar algunas de las variables predictoras, como la eficiencia en la adquisición de información, creatividad, competencia en la escritura, competencia lingüística, rendimiento académico y satisfacción con el propósito de generar instrumentos para la investigación con atributos de fiabilidad y validez. El estudio se realizó en Perú, con una muestra de 400 estudiantes universitarios de ambos sexos. Se utilizaron pruebas de (...) análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Para este estudio, se utilizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios. De este modo, futuras investigaciones permitirán explorar y comprender plenamente la utilidad del ChatGPT en diversos contextos y su impacto en la educación superior. (shrink)

Existen diversos factores influyentes en la autoeficacia parental, mediada por la motivación personal de los padres de familia hacia la escuela. Se utilizó el modelamiento de ecuaciones estructuradas de cuadrados mínimos parciales para el análisis. El estudio se realizó con 446 participantes, principalmente mujeres con un 81.2% y hombres con un 18% en tiempos de postpandemia. El estudio concluye que la comunicación con la escuela influye positivamente en la autoeficacia parental y la motivación personal hacia la escuela en los padres (...) de familia y la comunicación con los hijos influye en la autoeficacia parental y la motivación hacia la escuela. (shrink)

This article examines the role of social media and journalistic media in presidential electoral processes. A systematic review of scientific articles published from 2012 to 2022 was conducted. The results indicate that the media has a significant influence on public perception and the political agenda during election campaigns. Furthermore, the importance of evaluating political leaders in the voters' decision-making process is emphasized. In summary, the article provides valuable insights into how the media can shape the narrative and public opinion during (...) presidential elections. (shrink)

La investigación formativa es un método educativo que involucra a los sujetos en su propia formación en investigación. Este estudio explora el desarrollo y perspectivas de la investigación formativa en universidades peruanas a través del análisis de informes de tesis de posgrado. Utilizando la cartografía conceptual como método de análisis, se identifican conceptos clave, categorías y diferencias conceptuales, revelando el panorama de la investigación formativa y sus desafíos en la universidad peruana. Se destaca la creciente emergencia de estudios sobre este (...) tema en diversas áreas de formación profesional y académica, enfocados en clarificar sus nociones, características y aplicaciones. (shrink)

Culture has traditionally been considered as a set of knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, norms, and morals, acquired by a human being as a member of a group. Some anthropologists interpret this as a set of abstract representations, such as information or knowledge, while others interpret it as behavioral control mechanisms. These views assume that the contents of a particular culture must be processed by the minds of individuals, either in a direct way or by resorting to learned mental structures in (...) processes of symbolic socialization. Some critics suggest a problem with these perspectives since they do not provide a convincing explanation of the enculturation process beyond metaphorical images of transfer or internalization of symbolic cultural contents through linguistic transmission. The new embodied theories of cognition, especially enactivism, could give new ideas about what enculturation processes are like, through the concept of participatory sense-making in material culture environments. In this essay, we discuss how an enactive vision of culture could be, and what advantages it would have, as well as the challenges and weaknesses in explaining the culture and its learning processes. (shrink)

This article studies natural food packaging as enabling artifacts of the traditional material culture of Antioquia in Colombia. For this purpose, we consider artifacts as objective nodes that combine design and use intentions, functions, materials, histories, artifactual lineages, and cooperative relationships that stabilize ritualized practices of a human group. We take the example of natural packaging as artifacts that enablers and stabilizers of traditional cooking and food preparation practices. Natural packaging materials are here assumed to be leaves having some favorable (...) property to contain a food product. After providing a theoretical reflection, we analyze the data collected from fieldwork we conducted in two towns in Antioquia, Colombia (Santa Fe de Antioquia and Amagá), as well as from an interview with an expert in the field. Finally, we show that it is possible to postulate an analysis under a relational ontological description of a traditional practice with conceptual categories of the philosophy of technology. (shrink)

RESUMENEl presente artículo trata de mostrar la evolución de una concepción del poder concreta que lleva de Hegel a Stirner a través del papel desempeñado por el individuo. De esta forma, el individualismo aparece entre dos líneas enfrentadas de la metafísica y la teoría de la acción.PALABRAS CLAVEHEGEL, STIRNER, ACCIÓN, POLÍTICAABSTRACTThis article tries to show the evolution of one specific conception of power that leads from Hegel to Stirner through the role played by the individual. Thus, individualism appears between two (...) conflicting lines of metaphysics and action theory.KEYWORDSHEGEL, STIRNER, ACTION, POLITICS. (shrink)

En la antigüedad, en la era axial, tiene lugar la madurez del espíritu y del intelecto y la generalización de la escritura. Entonces la religión, que tenía la forma del rito, de la ley y de la doctrina, adopta la forma del culto interior.

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic associated with severe health and psychological wellbeing impairments expressed by an increased prevalence of affective disorders. Emotional dysfunction is important due to its effect on social performance. The aim of the present narrative review is to provide a general overview of human research exploring emotional information processing in overweight and obese people. Evidence suggests that obesity is associated with an attenuation of emotional experience, contradictory findings about emotion recognition, and scarce research about automatic emotional information (...) processing. Finally, we made some concluding considerations for future research on emotional information processing in overweight and obese people. (shrink)

Se dice que la Ilustración es una forma resaltada de independencia tantopara el pensamiento como para la existencia. Esta clase de revolución política,social y científica prepara para la que fuera revolución principal de 1789,pero hemos de prestar gran atención a la senda que está continuando elpensar epistemológico que precede al político. Tres metáforas se disponenen este cambio: de los axiomas a los datos, de la visión al tacto, y del mecanismoal organismo.

El presente artículo busca explorar las implicaciones que los nuevos modos de comunicación digitales y de masas tienen sobre la constitución cognitiva, social y política de sus usuarios. El nuevo modo de comunicación privilegiado apunta por medio de un uso muy concreto de sus protocolos –el que reduce los textos e interfaces al trabajo de signos algorítmicos– a un usuario que va reduciendo la extensión de sus textos y los contenidos de sus experiencias hasta su expresión comunicativa mínima, con el (...) ideal de la literalidad esperando allá en su extremo, el signo que no necesita traducción por parte del algoritmo. El conocimiento va quedando reducido a su vez a flujo y intercambio de informaciones, el comercio de estas, meramente, y el usuario en cada uno de los extremos de dicho intercambio, reducido a mero consumidor y propietario de datos. (shrink)

In this research, a sliding mode regulator with sine mapping is suggested for the stabilization of electricity generators being affected by magnet interaction nonlinearities and generator nonlinearities. To reach this goal, our suggested regulator has the following contributions: it starts from the sliding mode regulator with the modifications that the saturation mapping is used to reach a smoother performance instead of the signum mapping, and the sine mapping is applied to reach an upper bound in the proportional gain error, it (...) is used to reach some chosen constant behaviors for the angle position, angle speed, and current in the electricity generators, and its stabilization is ensured based on the Lyapunov approach. We show the simulation of the suggested regulator in two electricity generators. (shrink)

Based on the results obtained from primary education students—fifth and sixth graders—the aim of this work is to check the appropriate self-perceived behaviors during and at the end of the game. The study population was made up of 698 students from fifth and sixth grade in the Autonomous Region of Castilla–La Mancha (Spain). Data were collected through a questionnaire (scale) on the social skills of primary school students linked to the adequate skills when losing, the adequate skills when winning, and (...) the adequate skills during the game. Study results revealed that analyzed behaviors vary, depending on the moment of the game, being it more frequently during the development of the game than when losing or winning. (shrink)

Esta mesa-redonda foi organizada a partir do encontro de seus autores em um simpósio sobre historiografia no 55º Congresso Internacional de Americanistas, que ocorreu em julho de 2015, em San Salvador. O simpósio em questão foi o de número 69, Historia de la historiografía latinoamericana: nuevas miradas y debates contemporáneos. Os trabalhos aqui apresentados pelo guatemalteco Jose Edgardo Cal Montoya, “La historia como profesión”: el aporte de Ernesto Chinchilla Aguilar a la historiografía guatemalteca y centroamericana e o paraguaio Herib (...) Caballero Campos, Entre Clío y Astra: La Biblioteca Paraguaya del Centro de Estudiantes de Derecho, envolveram estudos historiográficos de temáticas nacionais específicas, respectivamente sobre a figura de um intelectual, e de uma instituição responsável pela divulgação de uma produção do conhecimento. Já os artigos de Coralia Gutiérrez Álvarez, Una introducción a la epistemología desde el sur: por una reflexión situada e Felix Raúl Martínez Cleves, La historiografía en movimiento. Una aproximación a las historias de ciudades en Colombia buscaram um outro viés na discussão historiográfica. Algo que diz respeito não somente a uma análise crítica, denominador comum a todos os quatro artigos, senão um diálogo com a teoria que implicou deslocar de uma zona de conforto a própria historiografia colombiana, para o caso dos estudos da história das cidades feito por Felix Martínez, e mais amplamente o conjunto das denominadas Ciências Sociais, como a discussão proposta por Coralia Gutiérrez. A mim coube analisar os quatro artigos, bem como buscar apontar possíveis diálogos entre os mesmos. Uma menor propensão de minha parte a debates teóricos, e uma maior facilidade a estudos com base mais histórica, como nos trabalhos de Jose Cal e Herib Caballero, se refletiram na maior extensão que dei no trato destes últimos; nada mais do que isso. E de antemão quero agradecer a Felix Martínez, cujos esclarecimentos possibilitaram divisar melhor uma ponte entre todos os trabalhos. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es proporcionar algunas claves históricas y conceptuales para comprender la historia del socialismo británico libertarian y su relación con la concepción fiduciaria del poder político y del poder económico. Las expresiones de este socialismo no son homogéneas, convivieron con otras ideas rivales llegando en ocasiones a mezclarse con ellas; y fueron formuladas siempre como respuestas concretas ante los problemas que planteaba cada momento histórico. Desde el socialismo republicano de algunos seguidores de Robert Owen hasta los (...) desafíos que planteó la New Left, las teorías fiduciarias encontraron hueco para abrirse paso en los escritos de estos socialistas libertarian. The objective of this paper is to provide some historical and conceptual keys to understand the history of libertarian British socialism, and its relationship with the fiduciary conception of political power and economic power. The expressions of this libertarian socialism are not homogeneous, they coexisted with other rival conceptions, sometimes mixing with them. Those articulations were always formulated as concrete responses to the problems laid out by different historical moments. From the republican socialism of some Robert Owen’s followers to the challenges exposed by the New Left, fiduciary theory found room to break through in the writings of these libertarian socialists. (shrink)

The origin of chordates and the consequent genesis of vertebrates were major events in natural history. The amphioxus (lancelet) is now recognised as the closest extant relative to the stem chordate and is the only living invertebrate that retains a vertebrate‐like development and body plan through its lifespan, despite more than 500 million years of independent evolution from the stem vertebrate. The inspiring data coming from its recently sequenced genome confirms that amphioxus has a prototypical chordate genome with respect to (...) gene content and structure, and even chromosomal organisation. Pushed by joint efforts of amphioxus researchers, amphioxus is now entering a new era, namely its maturation as a laboratory model, through the availability of a large amount of molecular data and the advent of experimental manipulation of the embryo. These two facts may well serve to illuminate the hidden secrets of the genetic changes that generated, among other vertebrates, ourselves. (shrink)

Resumen Este artículo muestra que la pintura de Tiziano contiene en el fondo un esquema dialéctico de tensión entre elementos opuestos: jovial/trágico, clásico/cristiano, puñal/refugio. Esta tensión alimenta la intersección de estructuras significativas que caracteriza a toda obra de arte. Esta dialéctica explica el sentido último que tiene la pintura para Tiziano. Centramos esta dialéctica en la obra Desollamiento de Marsias, obra que enseña que la pintura, el arte en general, para Tiziano abre heridas, es un puñal, pero también es un (...) abrigo donde el que refugiarnos del horror del mundo. Abstract This article shows that Titian's painting contains at its core a dialectical scheme of tension between opposing elements: jovial/tragic, classical/christian, dagger/refuge. This tension feeds the intersection of meaningful structures that characterize every work of art. This dialectic explains the ultimate meaning of painting for Titian. We focus this dialectic on the work The Flaying of Marsyas, a work that teaches that painting, art in general, for Titian opens wounds, it is a dagger, but it is also a shelter in which to take refuge from the horror of the world. (shrink)

En Das Passagen-Werk Benjamin vuelve sobre el concepto de Ursprung, esta vez como salto genuino de lo que ha sido, como vuelco dialéctico en el instante del Jetztzeit del materialista histórico, instante de legibilidad, pero también como parada e interrupción [Stillstand] de este despliegue, donde la fuerza dialéctica queda suspendida por un instante, en el ahora de su cognoscibilidad. Para llegar a esto, el berlinés ha hecho un recorrido reflexivo, crítico y contundente, el cual comienza a definirse más intensamente desde (...) el prólogo Epistemocrítico de su Trauerspiel. Rastrearemos el recorrido en ambas obras y en las construcciones problemáticas de sus textos y fragmentos anteriores, especialmente en la tensión de la mediación, relación y conexión entre la obra de arte y el arte como despliegue teórico; sobre todo la tensión existente entre los primeros Románticos y Goethe, en la dialéctica entre la forma pura [Idee] y el contenido ideal [Ideale] del arte. También nos inmiscuiremos en las tesis Sobre el concepto de historia y Parque central y algunos fragmentos sobre Baudelaire. Nuestro objetivo principal es mostrar el despliegue de la imagen [Bild] en la escritura filosófica benjaminiana, en medio [Mittel] de los extremos de idea y fenómeno, de verdad y conocimiento, por tanto en la misma construcción conceptual, cuando nombrar y contemplar la realidad histórica, la realidad material debía ser comentada, interpretada y leída en su eterna caducidad [ewige Vergängnis] o hundimiento [Untergang], como exposición [Darstellung] de una experiencia histórica configurada por determinadas constelaciones imaginales. (shrink)

Discovering the influences between paintings and artists is very important for automatic art analysis. Lately, this problem has gained more importance since research studies are looking into explanations about the origin and evolution of artistic styles, which is a related problem. This paper proposes to build a multiplex artwork representation based on artistic formal concepts to gain more understanding about the aforementioned problem. We complement and built our approach on the previous notion of Creativity Implication Network. We used the recently (...) proposed MultiRank algorithm to suggest possible explanations of the dynamic of some artistic styles. Our results corroborate some well-known facts about the artists analyzed and give qualitative and quantitative information that show the possibilities and strengths of the proposed framework. We plan to expand our analysis to include more abstract artworks. Ideally, we are going to be able to validate more our results and test how our methodology could be used to generate visual artifacts too. (shrink)

El trabajo explora diferentes posibilidades a la hora de mantener una posición compatibilista de la libertad, en un sentido fuerte, con el determinismo. La noción de determinismo es analizada con especial detalle. Se defiende una concepción general de la libertad como cierto tipo de causación mental en un marco no fatalista. Y se argumenta que dentro de esta concepción de la libertad seguirían existiendo varias posibilidades compatibilistas, unas más radicales que otras.

As Freud convincingly shows, civilised political life is a source of constant uneasiness. Desire propels the subject towards an end that remains unfulfilled and pleasure is reduced to a transition from one moment of displeasure to another. Freud conceives pleasure as suppression of an absence, as the result of a process. Marcuse in his turn showed that excessive pleasure works as a counterbalance for displeasure, the repression of sexual impulse and the hypertrophy of the genitalia producing intense pleasure. A post-Freudian (...) theory of pleasure would complement Marcuse’s materialist critique of psychoanalysis by learning to conceive pure pleasure (with Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics) in a non-metaphysical way, segregated from the notion of superfluity. (shrink)

El presente trabajo es un intento por mostrar que la distinción filosófica entre “ser racional” y “uso de razón” subyace a la posición de Francisco de Vitoria y ofrece el fundamento de legitimidad de su desarrollo político-jurídico. El examen filológico de los textos de las Relectiones y el análisis filosóficoconceptual contextualizado han permitido reconstruir argumentos antropológico-filosóficos, epistemológicos y éticos y explicitar, así, un concepto universal de ser humano que, a su vez, se ha revelado como fundamento de un concepto universal (...) de derecho que concierne a todo ser humano, gracias al cual la propuesta vitoriana alcanzaría aceptación y repercusión global. (shrink)

En este artículo se comparan las teorías ontológicas de Georg Simmel y José Ortega y Gasset, con dos objetivos: demostrar la influencia del vitalismo simmeliano en el «raciovitalismo» de Ortega, y exponer sus planteamientos como críticas a la tradición parmenídea del Ser. El estudio comparado se realiza a partir de la tesis de la «intradición de la tradición», sobre la que diremos algunas palabras. Finalmente, concluiremos con la idea de que la ontología de Simmel y Ortega es una crítica a (...) la epistemología o a las implicaciones ontológicas de la epistemología moderna. (shrink)

This paper considers the technologically-mediated constitution of auditory experience based on the analogy of a healthy natural soundscape as a well-balanced orchestra in which living creatures use the full range of acoustic frequencies to communicate and survive. Using the idea of (inner) horizonality proposed by Edmund Husserl, I argue that key technological inventions enabling the transmission and recording of sound made possible a new form of experience characterized by split horizonality. This new form of technologically-mediated auditory experience brought with it (...) potential for both creative expression and manipulation. A broader historical trend driven by technology towards individualization that culminated with our present-day experience of constantly connected mobile phones deeply embedded in our everyday lives calls into question the soundness of thinking of our technologically-mediated auditory worlds in terms of the analogy of a healthy natural soundscape as a well-balanced orchestra. (shrink)

La construcción de indicadores no constituye un problema epistemológico menor, todo lo contrario, requiere de la exigencia de un modo crítico de reflexionar, de apropiarse y reconstruir la realidad; requiere de vigilancia, y permanentes rupturas y sus correspondientes formas de reorganizar el pensam..

Este artigo não pretende analisar o conjunto da obra de Habermas. Trata-se de pensar exclusivamente a Teoria da Ação Comunicativa, primeiro, em relação aos teóricos em que afirma fundamentar-se, depois, no sentido da sua própria articulação lógica interna e, finalmente, em relação ao seu objeto de pesquisa, a realidade social. Procura demonstrar que a TAC executa dois giros conceituais essenciais: um ao limitar o agir estratégico ao espaço da economia e da política e outro ao definir cultura, sociabilidade e subjetividade (...) como dimensões constituídas no mundo da vida. (shrink)

Transgenic insecticidal Bt crops are being increasingly used worldwide, and concern is increasing about resistance and their effects on nontarget organisms. The toxin acts as a weak pesticide and, hence, the effects are subtler than those of chemical biocides. However, the toxin is ever present, but concentrations vary with age of plant and plant subunit, causing varying lethal and sublethal effects on pest survival, developmental time, and fecundity. Refuges for susceptibility to Bt occur spatially in non-Bt hosts and temporally within (...) the crop because of time-varying toxicity and pest tolerance. Natural enemies feeding on Bt-intoxicated prey may have reduced longevity and, likely, fecundity that reduces their efficacy in controlling pest populations, and pest resurgence and secondary pest outbreaks may occur that may require insecticide use. System modeling is proposed as an efficient tool for examining the use of extant and future biotechnologies in pest control. (shrink)

We review and discuss A. H. Louie’s book “More than Life Itself: A Reflexion on Formal Systems and Biology” from an interdisciplinary viewpoint, involving both biology and mathematics, taking into account new developments and related theories.

The tree-based data structure of -tree for propositional formulas is introduced in an improved and optimised form. The -trees allow a compact representation for negation normal forms as well as for a number of reduction strategies in order to consider only those occurrences of literals which are relevant for the satisfiability of the input formula. These reduction strategies are divided into two subsets (meaning- and satisfiability-preserving transformations) and can be used to decrease the size of a negation normal form A (...) at (at most) quadratic cost. The reduction strategies are aimed at decreasing the number of required branchings and, therefore, these strategies allow to limit the size of the search space for the SAT problem. (shrink)

The tree-based data structure of △-tree for propositional formulas is introduced in an improved and optimised form. The △-trees allow a compact representation for negation normal forms as well as for a number of reduction strategies in order to consider only those occurrences of literals which are relevant for the satisfiability of the input formula. These reduction strategies are divided into two subsets (meaning- and satisfiability-preserving transformations) and can be used to decrease the size of a negation normal form A (...) at (at most) quadratic cost. The reduction strategies are aimed at decreasing the number of required branchings and, therefore, these strategies allow to limit the size of the search space for the SAT problem. (shrink)

Rationale, aims and objectives Given the increasing prevalence of cataract and demand for cataract extraction surgery, patients must often wait to undergo this procedure. We validated a previously developed priority scoring system in terms of clinical variables, pre-intervention health status, appropriateness of surgery and gain in visual acuity (VA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Methods Explicit prioritization criteria for cataract extraction created by a variation of the Research and Development (RAND) and University of California Los Angeles appropriateness methodology were retrospectively (...) applied to a prospective cohort of 5257 patients on waiting lists to undergo cataract by phacoemulsification at 17 hospitals in Spain. Demographic data, clinical data and data related to surgical technique were collected by trained ophthalmologists. Patients were evaluated by their ophthalmologist before the intervention and 6 weeks afterward. They also completed, by mail, the Visual Function Index (VF-14) before the intervention and 3 months afterward.Results High-priority patients experienced greater improvement in VA and HRQoL than those classified as intermediate or low-priority (P < 0.0001), even after adjusting by VA and the VF-14 score at baseline. The time to intervention was the same for high-priority patients as it was for intermediate and low-priority patients.Conclusions The priority score we developed identified patients most likely to experience the greatest improvements from cataract extraction. Use of this tool could provide a fairer and more rational way to prioritize patients for cataract extraction. (shrink)